 Additionally, the Arduino IDE uses a simplified version of C++, making it easier to learn to program.  Unlike most previous programmable circuit boards, Arduino does not need an extra piece of hardware (called a programmer) in order to load a new code onto the board.

 You can control your board functions by sending a set of instructions to the microcontroller on the board via Arduino IDE (referred to as uploading software). The key features are:  Arduino boards are able to read analog or digital input signals from different sensors and turn it into an output such as activating a motor, turning LED on/off, connect to the cloud and many other actions. If you do not know C, no need to worry as only a few commands are needed to perform useful functions. If you know C, programming the Arduino will be familiar. The Arduino programming language is a simplified version of C/C++. There is a USB connector for talking to the host computer and a DC power jack for connecting an external 6-12V power source, for example a 9 V battery, when running a program while not connected to the host computer. The board has 14 digital I/O pins and 6 analog input pins. The clock speed is 16 MHz, which translates to about executing about 300,000 lines of C source code per second. The Arduino-Nano board features an Atmel ATmega328 microcontroller operating at 5 V with 2 Kb of RAM, 32 Kb of flash memory for storing programs and 1 Kb of EEPROM for storing parameters. Genarally, Arduino Board Inludes:  Programmer,  Voltage Regulators  Seral to USB Converter With the Arduino board, we can write programs and create interface circuits to read switches and other sensors, and to control motors and lights with very little efforts. This mini project covers the Arduino Nano board, a good choice for students and educators. The Arduino hardware comes in several flavors.

An overview is on the Wikipedia entry for Arduino. The Arduino project was started in Italy to develop low cost hardware for interaction design. This guide is for students anywhere who are confronting the Arduino for the first time. The Arduino is open-source, which means hardware is reasonably priced and development software is free. The Arduino Nano is a microcontroller(Atmel ATmega328) is an easy to use yet powerful single board computer that has gained considerable traction in the hobby and professional market.

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